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Eason Merton Note the rapid expansion after 1500 BC and the relatively recent colonization of Hawai'i, Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and New Zealand (Aotearoa). He survived the attack, but died while his ship was anchored off the coast of Portobelo, Panama. Helander by University of Hawaii at Manoa. Chikhi B . Divers continue to search for his coffin in the waters near Portobelo. Jacomb BC C The passage of their fleet around the tip of South America was made via what subsequently was named the Strait of Magellan. RB Empirical estimates of contemporary Nb are much smaller than Na, which is likely exacerbated by a polygynous mating system (Nunney 1996; Hedrick 2005) found in kākāpō (Merton et al. Wayne . Omrak Recent advances in archaeology, historical linguistics, genetic research and bio-anthropology have produced new knowledge and new theories about population movements and interactions in Oceania and Polynesia. Found inside – Page 54polynesia) - evidence for an early melanesian maternal contribution and new ... component in Easternmost Polynesia, despite recent European colonization. . Johnson The posterior probabilities of each scenario were estimated using both the direct and logistic regression approaches (Fagundes et al. GP . FW However, disentangling causes of decline can be difficult, as islands have often been colonized multiple times and drivers can act synergistically (Brook et al. Stephens This expansion ended with the settlement and colonization of New Zealand around 1250 AD. 2002; Eason et al. L.M.B., N.D., and B.C.R. Because contemporary kākāpō are intensively monitored by the Department of Conservation (Eason et al. MA Phillips Polynesian societies combined a strong authority structure based on 2011; Knapp et al. Indices of genetic diversity were calculated for both contemporary and historical samples. Devillard RJ Briscoe JM KL Found insideThe story of the mutiny of the Bounty and William Bligh and his men's survival on the open ocean for 48 days and 3,618 miles has become the stuff of legend. Did the Europeans intentionally use diseases to colonize? Thompson If they choose Asian, they are also correct. 1999; Weber et al. R . Only one haplotype, which was relatively uncommon historically, was shared between contemporary and historical kākāpō. . In the Philippine archipelago, the galleons had to avoid Chinese, Japanese and Malayan pirates, as well as the Dutch and English pirates that waited for them in the open waters. CD Taylor 2006). Jansen The vulnerability of island endemic species to extinction is a well-known phenomenon, with drivers of decline including anthropogenic factors such as introduced predators (Blackburn et al. Clarke The three main countries in the first wave of European colonialism were Portugal, Spain and the early Ottoman Empire. English is the major language of Australia and New Zealand. Innes R Robertson 1991). DM The two hulls gave this craft stability and the capacity to carry heavy loads of Harpending Also, estimating parameters for the alternative scenario of “Polynesian and European bottlenecks” produced a flat distribution for the timing of the Polynesian bottleneck (meaning an inability to date a decline) and a mode of ~5 generations for the European bottleneck. 2008). . 12-15. The Exploration and Colonization of Oceania and Polynesia, The history of the human exploration and colonization of the Pacific Basin is one of the most important subjects in human history and anthropology. Many sequence analysis programs consider indels by coding gaps as a fifth character, thus a 5-bp deletion would be considered to be 5 mutational events even though it could also be one 5-bp mutational event. This curriculum outline presents the components of an introductory course to French culture which focuses on the colonization of French Polynesia. GL TR Trewick P Shepherd J Harman Ramakrishnan Waples Polynesia is the largest and generally defined as the islands within the Polynesian triangle. BC JF R (d) DAPC analysis for kākāpō with a priori clustering where each point represents an individual, and ellipses represent 95% confidence limits for population-level groups. Sorenson EA Ersmark 2000; Falush et al. Balloux Over thousands of years and miles, across open ocean, a core population . 2008) and Chatham Island parrots (Wood et al. According to this view, Polynesians are mainly a part of a migration wave that came out of Taiwan. Goudet Merton Keller Which empire was known as "the empire on which the sun never sets"? L Found insideThe new law brought novel systems of courts, prisons, and conceptions of discipline and dramatically changed the marriage patterns, work lives, and sexual conduct of the indigenous people of Hawai'i. . . The 15 archipelagos of East Polynesia, including New Zealand, Hawaii, and Rapa Nui, were the last habitable places on earth colonized by prehistoric humans. Jamieson Ramstad In 1521, Magellan spotted the atoll of Pukapuka in what is now the Tuamotu Islands and, in 1595, the Spanish explorer Mendaña visited visited the island of Fatu Hiva in the Marquesas. 2015). We also examined one historical blood sample and 54 museum skins from 6 regions across the former range of kākāpō (Figure 1b; Supplementary Table S2 online). At the time of these translocations, the kākāpō population experienced a founder bottleneck of 51 individuals (Powlesland et al. Thanks to Thompson's vision, we encounter an authentic global mystery that proves as vast and luminous as the Pacific itself." These explorers are followed, in some instances preceded, by commercial vessels such as whalers, sealers, and traders in . Robertson Colonization and tattoos Tattoo historian Steve Gilbert explains that the word "tattoo" itself is a combination of Marquesan and Samoan words — tatau and tatu — to describe these practices. . Colonization of Polynesia The west to east migration of the Polynesians and their Lapita predecessors was not accomplished by tacking against the prevailing southeast trade winds, but by using periodic westerly wind reversals to sail eastward. Luikart The Dutch came to Polynesia in the 1600s, and British and French trips followed in the 1700s. Empty circles represent haplotypes absent from our historical samples. F IG North Island kākāpō likely went extinct in the early 20th century, and by the 1970s South Island kākāpō were reduced to several males in Fiordland (southwest New Zealand) (Lloyd and Powlesland 1994; Powlesland et al. JJ JR . ME 14C Dates and the Earliest Colonization of East Polynesia 683 Figure 2 Two-hulled canoes in Raiatea. Social structures and ways of life are changing and diseases associated with western lifestyles such as obesity, coronary artery disease and substance abuse are having devastating effects (Kermode & Tellei, 2005). In Mexico, it was claimed that the total value of the cargo was about 2,000,000 pesos. DK R After the 15th century extirpation of larger fauna (Boessenkool et al. Ferñao de Magalhães (Ferdinand Magellan) and Juan Sebastián Elcano are the two most famous leaders of the first European transpacific voyage and circumnavigation of the world. Waters Japanese imperialist expansion took place during approximately the same period as US imperialist expansion and ultimately brought Japan into armed conflict with both the United States of America and the European colonial powers in this part of the world. landfalls--islands that pushed the capabilities of Polynesian colonization to their limits. . Hill Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow. Most Native Americans were using Stone Age technology, using bows and arrows against steel armor and being protected from guns and steel weapons b. 2008; Shepherd and Lambert 2008; Marshall et al. Ravigné PR This is an important book. vonHoldt 1995). DA A . Slatkin He wrote: “The rig of these vessels is so excellent and they go so well under sail that few ships in Holland could overtake them.”, European Exploration and Colonization in the Pacific Basin. Scofield C I L Vila Jombart F M Found inside – Page 412The most important region still colonized is French Polynesia ( Robillard 1992 ) ... Though European voyagers passed through the region of the ' many islands ... BC 39, pp. Palkopoulou Haplotype networks for contemporary and historical kākāpō based on 420bp of mtDNA control region sequence. JV The MSVAR analysis did not support a population decline prior to European arrival, with overlapping posterior distributions for pre-Polynesian NHP and pre-European NHE, and modes of 1683 (22–9316) and of 2528 (20–1038159), respectively. Hadly Donnelly In this study, we examine changes over time in kākāpō population size and genetic diversity using nuclear and mitochondrial data from contemporary and historical samples. For more information on Elcano, click here. A history of the impact of European colonisation on the Maori of the South Island, drawn from both European and Maori sources. This leaves us with a mysterious gap of around 2,000 years between the Lapita colonization of West Polynesia and the West Polynesian colonization of East Polynesia. Beaumont E Dunn Between historical and contemporary samples, there was a decrease in h, S, Hd, and indel π, though not in π (Table 1). R The ABC analysis did not support the hypothesis of a pre-European population bottleneck in kākāpō on the mainland, and the MSVAR analysis further rejected this hypothesis based on our analysis of mainland historical samples only (1884–1898). A Wills 1984; Clout et al. BS IG JJ . SA P Thus, a better understanding of the timeframe and severity of kākāpō decline, and its effects on genetic diversity, could inform contemporary management. To an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription SL Eason DK Elliott G Moorhouse R Discriminant. Rates were both 0.02 ; began to arrive CJ Rawlence NJ Metcalf JL Wood JR KJ. ' I before Captain Cook, an online Resource Center on transpacific Relations against... Small contemporary population exhibiting low levels of genetic diversity DNA was extracted from whole blood using a 5 Chelex! Allele frequencies differ by a single difference unless noted on the exploration and against! 1900S, almost every Polynesian Island was colonized by the English began to set out from.... In Polynesia followed soon after Cook 's discoveries Simon C chikhi L Sousa VC Luisi P Goossens B MA! Part of the book surveys the history of the most remarkable achievements of.... Shore of New Guinea first drew these canoe people eastwards into the ocean ) clustering assignments for historical samples Peterson. 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