It is mainly followed by the Serb population in the country. The Ambassador had individual meetings with the leaders of the traditional religious communities, and embassy officials attended events hosted by the religious communities to commemorate religious holidays. This time, he put Bosnia and Herzegovina in the … The court ruled the church construction in 1998 was illegal and ordered authorities to ensure its removal within three months, return the land to Orlovic, and pay 5,000 euros ($5,600) to Orlovic and 2,000 euros ($2,200) to her relatives in damages. In some cases the reluctance of police and prosecutors to aggressively investigate and prosecute crimes against religious minorities remained a major obstacle to safeguarding the rights of religious minorities. Found inside – Page 223Atif Purivatra, president of the Socialist Alliance of Bosnia-Herzegovina's Committee for Interethnic Relations, stated that religion was only the first step to Muslim national identity, as was the case with the Serbs and the Croats. There is a strong correlation between ethnicity and religion: Bosnian Serbs affiliate primarily with the SOC, and Bosnian Croats with the Roman Catholic Church. This page was last modified on 7 January 2016, at 14:42. In September 2006 in the eastern RS town of Zvornik, the Saint Sava primary school launched the new school year with a religious ceremony chaired by a Serbian Orthodox priest in the presence of more than 100 Bosniak students and parents. 45% of Herzegovinian and Bosnian Muslims described themselves as Sunni Muslims while 47% described themselves as just Muslims. In the report, the IRC said authorities moved unacceptably slowly in investigating and prosecuting crimes, taking an average of five to seven years to conclude cases reported as crimes. All Vacancies If working in an international environment appeals to you, you should consider applying for a position at the U.S. Embassy Sarajevo. Catholic Croats make up a slight majority to the west of the River Neretva and even more live closer to Croatia’s border. Several thousand persons from throughout the country attended the event, which the IC described as its biggest event of the year. Minority religious communities also encountered difficulty in obtaining permits for new churches and mosques. and respect the territorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina;" 2Bosnia came under Austro-Hungarian administration already in 1878 but the annexation was not proclaimed until 1908. Geography - note. However, they converted to Islam in the fifteenth century. In one of the three cases against SOC sites reported to the IRC, in July individuals broke into an Orthodox church in the village of Donje Vukovsko in the Kupres Municipality, broke the windows, and destroyed furniture. The IRC said again that the failure of authorities to pursue many cases reflected ignorance about hate crimes and a desire to deflect criticism of religious intolerance. Ethnic quotas set for the recruitment of new officers into police academies were observed, but reforms intended to establish a countrywide effective, professional, multiethnic police force failed. During the period covered by this report, the Federation municipality of Travnik partially complied with a 2003 decision by the Human Rights Chamber (renamed the Human Rights Commission of the Constitutional Court) ordering the municipal government to relocate a public school housed in a building formerly owned by the Catholic archdiocese. According to representatives of the Catholic Church, the joint commission for the implementation of the concordat with the Holy See did not meet during the year and had not met since June 2016 due to a perceived lack of government interest and also because the government had still not formed a new Council of Ministers after the October 2018 general elections. Children who are reluctant to be singled out as different from their classmates often attend instruction of the majority religion, even if it is not the religion they practice at home. Those in the majority religious or ethnic group had an advantage in employment opportunities. … The Bridge Betrayed reveals the crucial role of the religious mythology of Kosovo in the destruction of Yugoslavia and the genocide in Bosnia. A new preface discusses the deepening crisis in Kosovo - the epicenter of that mythology. A special multiethnic restitution commission completed its mandate and delivered a draft restitution law to the Council of Ministers in early 2007 for approval. Children who are reluctant to be singled out as different from their classmates often attend instruction of the majority religion, even if it is not the religion they practice at home. Embassy officials engaged with the Presidency, the Ministry of Security, and other ministries and underscored the need to promote respect for religious diversity and enforce equal treatment under the law for religious minorities. By having women of all religious backgrounds come together, the network is able to highlight similarities that the women share rather than differences. The Jewish and Muslim communities also asserted historic claims to many commercial and residential properties in Sarajevo. During the week of ecumenical dialogue in April 2007, the head of the BiH Catholic Church, Vinko Puljic, led a service at Sarajevo's Orthodox cathedral, and the head of the BiH Serbian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Nikolaj, held a service at Sarajevo's Catholic cathedral. In October 2006 a rocket-propelled grenade destroyed a large portion of the Jasenica Mosque near Mostar; this was the most severe attack since the end of the war. An estimated 400,000 Bosnians, 12 percent of the population, cannot run for president or parliament because of their religion, ethnicity, or where they live. In another case, the IC complained that schools in the country did not have prayer rooms. Weak administrative and judicial systems effectively restricted religious freedom and posed major obstacles to safeguarding the rights of religious minorities. In recent years many Bosnians have turned to their respective religious leaders to fill the void left by politicians, who are perceived by the public as apathetic or corrupt. A wooden Serb Orthodox church unlawfully built on private Bosniak-owned land in the town of Kotorsko continued to be the source of legal and ethnic conflict. City officials ordered removal of the mosque, but the order had not been carried out before the attack. SREBRENICA, Bosnia-Herzegovina (AP) — Nineteen newly identified victims of the 1995 Srebrenica massacre were honored and buried Sunday in Bosnia. Muslims get harassed in Gacko [in the RS], and you want to come here without problems? In Sarajevo, Tuzla, Travnik, Zepce, Banja Luka, Bihac, and Zenica, students may attend Catholic school centers. Catholicism is generally followed by the Croat population which mainly lives in Western Herzegovina. It also urged them to oppose U.S.-brokered constitutional amendments "through which war horrors would be legalized and the Croat people marginalized." The municipality returned half the building to the archdiocese for use as part of its Catholic school center. The presence of a large stone cross and cement foundations for the eventual addition of more crosses in the ethnically divided town of Stolac in Herzegovina also remained contentious. The provisions in these codes regulate hate crimes as every criminal act committed because of the race, skin color, religious belief, national or ethnic origin, language, disability, gender, sexual orientation, or gender identity of the victim. For example, local police rarely made arrests in cases of vandalism against religious buildings or violence and harassment against religious officials or believers. International and local NGOs, academics, and government agencies said each of the country’s major political parties continued to align with the religion practiced by the dominant ethnic group among its membership: the largest ethnic Bosniak parties continued to align with the IC, the largest ethnic Croat parties with the Catholic Church, and the two largest ethnic Serb parties with the SOC. Successful prosecutions were extremely rare. Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom met with IRC leadership in November to discuss ways in which the embassy and government could help the IRC and individual religious communities resolve their differences. On Easter Sunday 2007 several churches in Sarajevo were burglarized and documents about the congregation, specifically the lists of those who had been baptized, were stolen. Public schools offer religious education classes, but with some exceptions, schools generally offer religious instruction only in the municipality's majority religion. [2], In 1800 40% of Bosnians were Orthodox and nearly half were Muslim. Locally observed holy days include Orthodox Easter and Christmas in the RS, Catholic Easter and Christmas in Herzegovina, and Kurban Bajram and Ramadan Bajram in Sarajevo and central Bosnia. The event was marked by an exhibition and conference describing the episode and marking 500 years of what it described as peaceful coexistence between Muslims and Jews in the city, as well as among Jews, Orthodox Serbs, and Catholic Croats. Similarly, in Prijedor Municipality in the RS, approximately half of the prewar Bosniak population of 49,500 returned, partially reversing the effects of ethnic cleansing. For example, the Serbian Orthodox Church continued to seek the return of the building that housed the University of Sarajevo's Economic Faculty and compensation for the land on which the state parliament building is located. 1. In Sarajevo, Tuzla, Travnik, Visoko, Mostar, and Bihać, Muslim students may attend madrassahs. Public schools offer religious education classes, but with some exceptions, schools generally offer religious instruction only in the municipality's majority religion. Ibrahim Fejić, a mufti who then served as the leader of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina, said Islam asks women to dress modestly, … To be eligible for employment at the U.S. Embassy Sarajevo, applicants must have the right to live and work in Bosnia-Herzegovina. In some cases local governments made improvements in protecting religious freedom; however, serious problems remained, including an atmosphere in which violations of religious freedom occurred. Bosnia and Herzegovina is one country divided into two separate governmental entities and populated by three ethnic groups with strong cultural identities- Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), Croats and Serbs. The State Law on Religious Freedom reaffirms the right of every citizen to religious education. … In June a man destroyed four tombstones at an Islamic cemetery in Kazanbasca in Zvornik. The government, however, has declared a separation of religion and state. There are no reports the ministry had denied any registration applications by religious communities. Ethnic quotas set for the recruitment of new officers into police academies were observed, but reforms intended to establish a countrywide effective, professional, multi-ethnic police force failed. However, local authorities sometimes restricted the right to worship of adherents of religious groups in areas where such persons are in the minority. The State Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and the entity Constitutions of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska provide for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in ethnically integrated areas or in areas where government officials are of the majority religion; the state-level Law on Religious Freedom also provides comprehensive rights to religious communities. In May 2007 the RS Constitutional Court overruled a Vital National Interest veto by Bosniaks in the RS Council of Peoples, thus enabling the RS National Assembly to pass the Law on Holidays in the RS, which includes observance of RS Day on January 9. During the preelection period, the media and others often criticized the head of the BiH Islamic community for his appearance at public events with presidential candidate Haris Silajdzic and for his public statements calling on Silajdzic to "write a new constitution" so Bosniaks would honor him as they do wartime president Alija Izetbegovic. The constitution makes no explicit mention of representation for religious groups, although each ethnicity mentioned by the constitution is associated with a particular religion. During the period covered by this report, the entity, cantonal, and municipal governments gave varying levels of financial support to the four traditional religious communities - Muslim, Serbian Orthodox, Catholic, and Jewish. In March the Commission for Freedom of Religion of the Riyasat – the highest religious and administrative body of the IC – issued its 2018 Reported Cases of Violations of the Right to Freedom of Religion of Muslims in the country. However 7% of Muslims either refused to answer which Muslim branch they belonged to, said they belonged to no Muslim branch or said they did not know.[10]. The rate of religious observance is relatively low among the traditional religious groups; however, some areas of significantly greater observance exist, such as among Catholic Croats in the Herzegovina region and among Bosnian Muslims in central Bosnia. For example, the Serbian Orthodox Church continued to seek the return of the building that housed the University of Sarajevo's Economic Faculty and compensation for the land on which the state parliament building is located. The embassy contributed approximately $128,000 to finance several phases of reconstruction and restoration of the mosque as a cultural landmark. Bosnian Serbs operated under the local leadership of Radovan Karadzic, president of the illegitimate Bosnian Serb Republic. The IRC continued to sponsor projects aimed at increasing interfaith dialogue involving women and youth. Ethnic cleansing during the 1992–95 war caused internal migration and refugee flows, which segregated the population into separate ethnoreligious areas. In 1991, Bosnia had very few areas where only one ethnicity was present. Parents may enroll their children in private schools for religious reasons. mi. While only a few cases were recorded, the IRC said law enforcement officials treated these cases as simple theft or vandalism, without taking into consideration the acts occurred at religious sites and could be categorized as hate crimes. According to the law, no Islamic group may register with the MOJ or open a mosque without the permission of the IC. On January 27, 2007, BiH officially marked Holocaust Day for the first time and commemorated the day with a series of exhibitions, lectures, and discussions throughout the country. The story of Bosnia and Herzegovina is full of conflict and challenges, but it's also full of rich traditions and people who are proud of their heritage. Religious education is largely decentralized, as is the education system generally. Ethnically, Bosnian Muslims were originally the same as Serbs many centuries ago. However, the other half remained in use as a public school. Introduction to the history, culture and ethnic diversity of Bosnia-Herzegovina. On Easter Sunday 2007 several churches in Sarajevo were burglarized and documents about the congregation, specifically the lists of those who had been baptized, were stolen. In August 2006 an explosive device was detonated at the grave of former president Alija Izetbegovic, destroying his tombstone and leaving a large crater at the grave. During the period covered by this report, the Federation municipality of Travnik partially complied with a 2003 decision by the Human Rights Chamber (renamed the Human Rights Commission of the Constitutional Court) ordering the municipal government to relocate a public school housed in a building formerly owned by the Catholic archdiocese. Bosnia-Herzegovina is listed in the World's largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms. A mother in Banja Luka told media that her daughter did not want to stop attending religious education classes because she did not want to feel excluded or different from the other students. Found inside – Page 8With this Statement we appeal to believers of our Churches and Religious Communities , and all citizens of Bosnia - Herzegovina and the President and members of the Presidency of Bosnia - Herzegovina . On September 16, Dino Konakovic, Speaker of the Sarajevo Canton Assembly, said in an interview that he did not mind that the Dobrosevici School continued to be named for Busuladzic. https://infogalactic.com/info/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina We are learning about Bosnia-Herzegovina! Cooperation included the IRC’s participation in activities such as visits to the locations of atrocities, round tables on reconciliation, IRC involvement in Open Doors events, where youth visit houses of worship other than their own, and participation in the PRO Future program, which is designed to promote interreligious dialogue in BIH. Jakob Finci, the President of the Jewish community of Bosnia and Herzegovina, planned a celebration in the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo during November 2015, to commemorate 450 years of Jewish life in the city. Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2011)[citation needed], The State Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and the entity Constitutions of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska provide for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in ethnically integrated areas or in areas where government officials are of the majority religion; the state-level Law on Religious Freedom also provides comprehensive rights to religious communities. Though Bosnia and Herzegovina were still nominally under the control of the Ottoman Sultan in 1908, Austria-Hungary had administered the provinces since … The appointment of a new bishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro has inflamed tensions in the Western Balkans. During the Ottoman rule, Muslims from other countries escaping wars migrated into the Bosnia and Herzegovina, thereby increasing the population of Muslims in the country. The HVO and VRS armies clearly followed the lead of their nationalistic parties and their policies of ethnic cleansing. The IC reported 21 active para-jamaats during the year, the same number as in 2018 and down from 64 in 2016. The Ministry of Justice (MOJ) maintains a unified register of all religious communities, and the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees (MHRR) is responsible for documenting violations of religious freedom. This work conveys the beauty at the heart of the Islamic tradition in a language devoid of technical terminology. In the Federation's five cantons with Bosniak majorities, schools offer Islamic religious instruction as a 2-hour-per-week elective course. For example, following an incident on July 24 when a group of five persons threw stones at the Rijecanska Mosque in Zvornik, the IRC said the police report stated the material damage to the mosque was negligible and did not treat the case as a hate crime. The Jewish community, like most other small religious groups in Bosnia, including Protestants, has its strongest membership in Sarajevo. Political candidates courted religious leaders during the campaign season and were often photographed together in campaign propaganda and media reports. The Bosnian War (Serbo-Croatian: Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. Sarajevo is the capital and largest city. According to local NGOs such as Vasa Prava, the government again failed to implement legal provisions regarding the religious education of returnee children, particularly in segregated school systems, often at the behest of senior government officials seeking to obstruct the process. Retrieved 4 September 2013. In 1800 60% of Bosnians were Sunni Muslim and around 38%-40% were Christian. Increased levels of returns, which peaked in 2002, continued to slow significantly, leaving the majority of Serbian Orthodox adherents living in the RS and the majority of Muslims and Catholics in the Federation. Orthodox Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Roman Catholicism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, http://www.gallup.com/poll/128210/gallup-global-reports.aspx, International Religious Freedom Report 2009 - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina: International Religious Freedom Report 2007, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&oldid=1934718, Articles needing additional references from January 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2013, Commons category link is defined as the pagename, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. In some cases the reluctance of police and prosecutors to aggressively investigate and prosecute crimes against religious minorities remained a major obstacle to safeguarding the rights of religious minorities. According to a 2017 Pew Research poll, 15% of Bosnian Muslims, 8% of Orthodox Christians and 47% of Roman Catholics reported attending religious services at least once a week. Ending the war: In December 1995, the heads of state Alija Izetbegovic (Bosnia-Herzegovina), Slobodan Milosevic (Serbia), and Franjo Tudjman (Croatia) signed the Dayton Agreement. The church was the subject of controversy because the Catholic community had requested a permit to build a new church, which local authorities had yet to approve. A History of Bosnia and Serbia. The number of Serbs in Montenegro has steadily increased since the first modern census of 1948. According to the Srpska Times, the man also posted on social media that Orthodox Serbs could worship at the church “unless Muslims get harassed; after that, they may wonder whether to come there again. Secular Muslim Majority Countries . Found inside – Page 90In research carried out in the early 1960s in Herzegovina, sociologist Esad Ćimić showed that religious practice was ... became President of the Association of 'Ulama' of Bosnia-Herzegovina Islam and Nationhood in Bosnia-Herzegovina 90. In cantons with Croat majorities, Croat students in primary and secondary schools may attend an elective Catholic religion course twice a week or take a course in ethics. After more than a year of repeated requests and appeals from Bosniak organizers, the RS Government and the international community intervened, and the parties reached a last-minute agreement that enabled the burials to take place at a different location on the planned date. Fikret Karčić is a professor at the Faculty of Law and of Islamic studies at the University of Sarajevo. In September 2006 the Federation Constitutional Court upheld the constitutionality of the law, and the Federation Ministry of Spatial Planning was able again to launch an initiative for removal of the cross and foundations. Governments at the local level restricted religious services and ceremonies. Local police frequently alleged that juveniles, intoxicated individuals, or mentally unstable persons were responsible for these attacks. Nevertheless, religious leaders from the Muslim, Catholic, and Orthodox communities claimed that all forms of observance were increasing among young persons as an expression of increased identification with their ethnic heritage, in large part due to the national religious revival that occurred as a result of the 1992–95 Bosnian war. Other requirements for registration include the development of a statute defining the method of religious practice and a petition for establishment with the signatures of at least 30 founders. 45% of Herzegovinian and Bosnian Muslims described themselves as Sunni Muslims while 47% described themselves as just Muslims.[2]. Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The more conservative Islamic communities in Bosnia are located in towns such as Travnik, Zavidovići, Tešanj, Maglaj, Bugojno, and Zenica. However, "Croatian," "Serbian," "Bosnian," and Montenegrin are considered by linguists and travellers alike to be the same language, with minor idiomatic differences. Bosnian is a South Slavic language of the Indo-European family. It is closely related to Croatian and Serbian. Most of the landscape is mountainous, and some of Bosnia’s best wines come from here. [3] On the wall are photographs of victims of the 1995 Srebrenica massacre, which Karadžić was accused of overseeing. Local police frequently alleged that juveniles, intoxicated individuals, or mentally unstable persons were responsible for these attacks. The appropriation of religious symbols and buildings for political purposes in combination with restrictions on religious services and ceremonies had a negative impact on inter-religious dialogue and inter-ethnic relations in many communities. Discrimination against religious minorities occurred in nearly all parts of the country. 2,576 were here. More on Bosnia and Herzegovina: Balkan Penisula Timeline: Yugoslavia. The Serbian Orthodox Church maintains its greatest influence in the RS, with the most influential bishops residing in Banja Luka, Trebinje, and Bijeljina. Also in September, in the Orasje neighborhood near Tuzla, persons damaged the doors and windows of the cemetery chapel and moved religious statues. Authorities of the majority religious or ethnic group often discriminated against those of the minority group in matters related to municipal services, including security and education. Thousands of … Local police were present, and there was no violence. Similarly, in Prijedor Municipality in the RS, approximately half of the prewar Bosniak population of 49,500 returned, partially reversing the effects of ethnic cleansing. In total, some 230 young lieutenants took their oath during the ceremony, with 189 of the graduated hailing from Greece, 35 from Cyprus, 2 from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2 from Moldova, 1 from Montenegro and 1 from Armenia. It was created in collaboration with the embassy and a visiting Fulbright specialist in 2018. Published policy papers has shown Biden’s strong support for Greece, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Albania and Kosovo as he seeks to win over millions of diaspora votes. Serbian Orthodox sites were also targets of vandalism. 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