The situation was finally alleviated when the British annexed the South African Republic in April 1877. Utrecht expanded and this new border was officially marked in 1864. King Cetshwayo ligt in de provincie KwaZoeloe-Natal en telt 907.519 inwoners[3]. Tallie, T. J.. “On Zulu King Cetshwayo kaMpande’s Visit to London, August 1882.” BRANCH: Britain, Representation and Nineteenth-Century History. Their campaign centred on the reluctance of the Zulu to work in the British colonies near Zululand and on an alleged Zulu military threat to the colony of Natal. In November 1856 Mpande granted Mbuyazi a large tract of land in south-east Zululand; at the same time he refused to meet with Cetshwayo to discuss the succession question. Corrections? Cetshwayo’s father, Mpande, was Shaka Zulu’s half brother. As a result, the doctor certified the cause of death as “syncope, the result of disease of the heart” (Binns, 1963). Man in adaptation: the cultural present (2nd ed). [Here, add your last date of access to BRANCH]. Google books online.|Wallis, F. (2000). King Cetshwayo was an intelligent, disciplined man, a strong military leader with political savvy. King Cetshwayo District Municipality (formerly Uthungulu District Municipality) is one of the 11 district municipalities ("districts") of KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa.The seat of the district is Richards Bay.The majority of its 885 944 people speak Zulu (2001 Census).The district code is DC28. 3 Issue 3 of Reprint series: Author: Cetewayo (King of Zululand) Editors The last king of the independent Zulu nation from 1872-1879, Mlambongwenya, near Eshowe, Zululand (now KwaZulu Natal), Biography of Cetshwayo kaMpande, the last king of an independent Zulu nation (1872-1879), Cetshwayo kaMpaande in Zulu Literature by N.N. King Cetshwayo rejected the ultimatum and war broke out between the two nations. Cele (Alternation), 1998. King Cetshwayo’s place of birth was his father’s (Mpande) kraal of Mlambongwenya, near Eshowe. King Cetshwayo District Municipality (formerly Uthungulu District Municipality [4]) is one of the 11 district municipalities ("districts") of KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa.The seat of the district is Richards Bay.The majority of its 885 944 people speak Zulu (2001 Census).The district code is DC28. King Cetshwayo House, Kruger Rand Street, CBD, RICHARDS BAY. Extension of Romanticism and Victorianism on the Net. The Last Zulu King: The Life and Death of Cetshwayo, London: Longman|Biography of Cetshwayo kaMpande, the last king of an independent Zulu nation (1872-1879). The British took over preexisting Boer claims to parts of western Zululand, and in early 1878 Sir Theophilus Shepstone, the Transvaal administrator, and Sir Bartle Frere, the high commissioner of the Cape (see Cape of Good Hope), began a propaganda campaign against Cetshwayo and the Zulu. Cetshwayo was a son of Zulu king Mpande and Queen Ngqumbazi, half-nephew of Zulu king Shaka and grandson of Senzangakhona kaJama. et al. King Cetshwayo is een district in Zuid-Afrika. King Cetshwayo’s place of birth was his father’s (Mpande) kraal of Mlambongwenya, near Eshowe. His father declared him his successor very early on in life, which was unusual for a King to do. On the afternoon of 8 February 1884 Cetshwayo died. During his reign Mpande was faced with both British and Afrikaner settlers on his borders, and he continuously tried not to alienate either party, ceding some of the Zulu Kingdom’s land. This source consists of three documents which were dictated by Cetshwayo, the Zulu king, while he was a prisoner in exile. King Cetshwayo – dystrykt w Republice Południowej Afryki, w prowincji KwaZulu-Natal. In the ensuing battle of Ndondakusuka, Mpande backed Mbuyazi, who was also supported by John Dunn. Dino Franco Felluga. Jun 15, 2017 - Cetshwayo kaMpande was the king[a] of the Zulu Kingdom from 1873 to 1879 and its leader during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. As British intentions became clear, Cetshwayo, eager to avoid the slightest hint of provocation, withdrew his army to well behind the border. In a bloody battle in 1856, Cetshwayo defeated and killed his younger brother Mbuyazi, and then murdered several other siblings to effectively become heir to the throne. Almost all Mbuyazi's followers were massacred in the aftermath of the battle, including five of Cetshwayo's own brothers. The graves of King Malandela and Cetshwayo are at Nkandla. tReprint series, vno. In December 1878 Frere issued an ultimatum to Cetshwayo that was designed to be impossible to satisfy: the Zulu were, among other things, to dismantle their “military system” within 30 days. Drought and famine hit the Zulu nation in the summer of 1852–3 and various factions looked towards civil war as an opportunity to gain cattle. As Cetshwayo grew older, he began to undermine his father’s authority and assumed control of the kingdom. Location The King Cetshwayo District (KCD) with its … Several thousand warriors were sent to the border and the Boers eventually retreated. Cetshwayo was a nephew of the first two Zulu kings, Shaka and Dingane. At time of his birth, Shaka Zulu was wielding a very powerful command of the Zulu nation. Cetshwayo was a son of Zulu king Mpande and Queen Ngqumbazi, half-nephew of Zulu king Shaka and grandson of Senzangakhona kaJama. Jan 23, 2017 - Cetshwayo’s place of birth was his father’s (Mpande) kraal of Mlambongwenya, near Eshowe. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Cetshwayo, king of the Zulu, under British guard in Southern Africa, 1879. King Cetshwayo was born to Mpande, who was King Shaka’s half brother in 1826. The King Cetshwayo District Municipality (previously uThungulu District Municipality) is a Category C municipality and is located in the north-eastern region of the KwaZulu-Natal Province. King Cetshwayo (voorheen uThungulu) is een district in Zuid-Afrika. Mpande tried to prevent Cetshwayo from threatening his power, and he again appealed to both the British and the Afrikaners for support. His visit to London in 1882, during which he stayed at 18 Melbury Road in Holland Park and met Queen Victoria and the Prime Minister, William Ewart Gladstone , was a significant episode in his dramatic story. In 1877 the British annexed the Boer republic of Transvaal, an event that fostered a drive to federate the southern African white colonies and to destroy the autonomy of the independent southern African kingdoms. King Cetshwayo was born in 1826 to Mpande who was King Shaka's half-brother. Cetshwayo famously led the Zulu during the 1879 Anglo-Zulu War , scoring a major victory over the British at the Battle of Isandlwana before the British stormed his capital of Ulundi and forced him to surrender. He was met at Port Durnford in January by Shepstone who arranged the details of his restoration, but he was not permitted an army to defend his somewhat reduced 'nation' – part of the arrangement was that the north of Zululand was to be put under the control of Zibhebhu kaMaphitha. He was born in 1826, a very troubled period in the history of the Zulu kingdom. From Malandela to Shaka, to Dingane and Cetshwayo, Nkandla has been at the centre stage of the Zulu nation’s history. In 1875 Boers flooded across into Zululand, claiming land south of the Phongola River as well as attempting to tax Zulu homesteads in the north-west. After his victory, Cetshwayo was widely regarded as the de facto heir to Mpande, and from about 1861, as his father aged, Cetshwayo effectively ruled Zululand. 1826-1884) was the last independent Zulu king, whose reign ended in war against the British and in the collapse of Zulu unity. Cetshwayo’s grave, in the Nkandla forest, is considered sacred and is guarded by the Zulu. The southern part of Zululand between the Tugela and Mhlatuze rivers was annexed by Britain as the Zulu Native Reserve. But Cetshwayo dramatically defeated his brother on the banks of the Tugela River in 1856. His father declared him his successor very early on in life, which was unusual for a King to do. Cetshwayo. Conflict became inevitable when Mbuyazi and his supporters, the iziGqoza, moved to their lands just north of the Thukela River, clearing the area of Cetshwayo's supporters. Although it is clear that by this stage Cetshwayo’s influence was greater than that of Mpande’s, Mpande remained king until his death on 19 November 1872, although he withdrew increasingly from public life. Canonici and T.T. Without the full backing of the British parliament, Frere went ahead with his war plans. Born around 1826, Cetshwayo KaMpande was one of several sons of King Mpande, who watched on while his sons fought it out amongst themselves to establish ascendency. At time of his birth, Shaka Zulu was wielding a very powerful command of the Zulu nation. In the past century King Cetshwayo's 'place in history' has been revised and, indeed, transformed by a succession of ideological and cultural currents flowing through the mainstream of South Africa's historical literature. (1963). The Boers were prepared to meet his request if he spared Umtonga’s life and Mpande signed a deed giving the Boers the additional land. King Cetshwayo, the last great ruler of Zululand, is captured by the British following his defeat in the British-Zulu War. Mpande became worried that Cetshwayo was gaining too much influence and began to favour Mbuyazi, son of his most beloved wife. After his death Cetshwayo came to the throne and an official coronation ceremony took place the following year. The uMhlathuze Municipality includes the port of Richards Bay, which handles the greatest volume of cargo of any port in Africa and the largest percentage of cargo of any South African port. Cetshwayo was depicted as a military despot barely able to hold back his warriors from attacking Natal, and the Zulu kingdom as a steam engine with a stuck safety valve about to explode. (unknown). Cetshwayo also began to see him as a threat and chased him into Utrecht (land that Mpande had ceded in 1854) in 1861. Although Cetshwayo was initially supported by the likes of Shepstone and the British the Zulu King soon became a threat to the British confederation of South Africa as the Zulu nation grew in military power under his rule. Nuusdagboek: feite en fratse oor 1000 jaar, Kaapstad: Human & Rousseau.|Potgieter, D.J. In 1869 the Lieutenant Governor of the Colony of Natal, Sir Anthony Musgrave, was called in to solve the argument between the two groups, but he failed to do so. He died in his Kraal, Nodwengu in Zululand. Mandlakazi raids into the northern parts of the dwindling area under Cetshwayo’s control culminated in a Mandlakazi attack on Ulundi and the final defeat of Cetshwayo’s Usuthu supporters on July 21, 1883; it is to this, known as the second Battle of Ulundi, that modern historians date the demise of the Zulu kingdom. On this video I speak about the history of my Great grandfather's Father King Cetshwayo, son of King Mpande and King Mpande was the younger brother of King Shaka. In July 1882 Cetshwayo was permitted to travel to the United Kingdom to seek support from British politicians for the restoration of the Zulu monarchy. However, for the next 15 years Cetshwayo seemed to control the Zulu nation, he reenergized the amabutho system and tried to stem the diffusion of power away from the crown and out to the izikhulu (territorial chiefs). However, through incompetence and overconfidence they had a column destroyed at Isandhlwana by the Zulu later that month (see Battles of Isandhlwana and Rorke’s Drift). Cetshwayo (ca. He was imprisoned and sent into exile in the Cape. bKillie Campbell Africana Library, Durban. The Zulus won the Battle of Isandlwana, but they lost the crucial Battle of Ulundi (oNdini). Permission was granted, but the ensuing plan ensured the permanent emasculation of the monarchy. Phone: 035 799 2500 (eds) (1970). After Mpande’s death in 1872, he reconstructed and regenerated the Zulu army and had continual border disputes with the Boers in the west and the English in the South. That same year, Cetshwayo sought out the Colonial hunter-traders who he had fought against at Ndondakusuka. 1. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. On 11 December 1878, under the flimsy pretext of a few minor border incursions into Natal by Cetshwayo's followers, the Zulu were given an impossible ultimatum that they should disarm and Cetshwayo should forsake his sovereignty. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cetshwayo, South African History Online - Biography of Cetshwayo, Cetshwayo - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Cetshwayo - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). As absolute ruler of a rigidly disciplined army of 40,000 men, Cetshwayo was considered a threat to British colonial interests; the Anglo-Zulu War (1879) and subsequent destruction of Zulu power removed that threat. Cetshwayo fled to the British Zulu Native Reserve, where he later died at the British administrative centre of Eshowe in February 1884. After his father’s death in 1872, Cetshwayo’s position as ruler was formalized. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Mpande had a third son, Umtonga (older than Cetshwayo). His sovereignty was also recognized by the neighbouring British administration, which controlled the colony of Natal to the immediate south of the Zulu kingdom. As expected, the ultimatum was not met, and in January 1879 the British attacked Zululand. 121 A further twist to the story is that Cetshwayo got wind of the plot and tipped the nephew off, so that in the event he escaped death and secured his inheritance. Cetshwayo kaMpande (1826-8 February 1884) was King of the Zulu Kingdom from 1873 to 1879, succeeding Mpande and preceding Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo. Mpande was often viewed as a weak man in comparison to his contemporaries as a result and Cetshwayo began gaining influence over the Zulu people. Cetshwayo's son Dinizulu, as heir to the throne, was proclaimed king on 20 May 1884. At time of his birth, Shaka Zulu was wielding a very powerful command of the Zulu nation. As long as King Cetshwayo remained at large there was still a chance of resistance from the Zulu nation but the British finally got their man 140 years ago today Troy Lennon History … He was subsequently sent into exile. C. T. Binns, The Last Zulu King: The Life and Death of Cetshwayo (1963), is an interesting and sympathetic, but somewhat inadequately researched, biography. The British Secretary for Native Affairs in Natal, Theophilus Shepstone, encouraged Cetshwayo to proclaim his loyalty to his father, and in 1865 Mpande and Cetshwayo were reconciled and in 1857 Cetshwayo and Mpanda came to terms: Cetshwayo would have effective control of the nation whilst Mpande would retain 'ultimate' authority and the title of king. Umtonga fled from Zululand to the Colony of Natal in 1865 and Cetshwayo felt that part of the agreement he made with the Boers had not been upheld. Cetshwayo was declared heir because he was born of a wife given to Mpande by Dingane. 2.2. The doctor who examined him to determine the cause of death suspected that he was poisoned as he seemed in good health that very morning; he was seen taking his usual early morning walk. africanhistory.about.com, last accessed 7 January 2009|Cohen, Y.A. To connect to King Cetshwayo District Municipality, a Water Services Authority. It should be supplemented by Donald R. Morris, The Washing of the Spears (1965). By the mid-1850s Cetshwayo was head of a young Zulu group known as the Usuthu. Web. The App will allocate unique reference numbers for all your logged cases… The official cause of his sudden death was given as a heart attack, though the Zulu believed he had been poisoned. Cetshwayo’s father, Mpande, was Shaka Zulu’s half brother. The rule of succession is that the heir is born of the women whom the King makes his chief wife. He was born in 1826, a very troubled period in the history of the Zulu kingdom. Binns, C.T. The second item is a letter to Sir Hercules Robinson, governor of the Cape Colony. King Cetshwayo District Municipality includes three coastal local municipalities: uMfolozi, uMhlathuze and uMlalazi. Updates? The extra territory extended from Rorke’s Drift on the Buffalo River to a point on the Pongola River. Standard Encyclopedia of Southern Africa, Cape Town: NASOU, v. 7, p. 626. WORKS CITED. The General public can download the App, and Municipal account holders need to register before accessing Account info, ID Number and Water account. In 1857 Cetshwayo and Mpanda came to terms: Cetshwayo would have effective control of the nation whilst Mapande would retain 'ultimate' authority and the title of king. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Mpande had announced Cetshwayo as his heir shortly before becoming king, this was at an unusually early stage – Mpande even took the step of introducing Cetshwayo to the Boer Volksraad at Pietermaritzburg in 1839. Fearing that the same fate might befall him, he moved to Engakavini where Cetshwayo grew up. Cetshwayo and Mbuyazi became rivals. In 1856 he defeated and killed in battle his younger brother Mbuyazi, Mpande's favorite, at the battle of Ndondakusukaand became the effective ruler of the Zulu people.
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