(2018). Life below Water . The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. The SDGs cover a broad range of social and economic development issues. [4], The Sustainable Development Goals are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations. The amount of plastics in large marine ecosystems are measured based on "a model of surface water circulation and the use of proxy inputs". O’Leary, B. C., Ban, N. C., Fernandez, M., Friedlander, A. M., García-Borboroglu, P., Golbuu, Y., Guidetti, P., Harris, J. M., Hawkins, J. P., Langlois, T., McCauley, D. J., Pikitch, E. K., Richmond, R. H., & Roberts, C. M. (2018). [12] Poor decisions in resource management can compromise conservation, local livelihood, and resource sustainability goals. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature WWF, more than 3 billion people rely on fish from marine and inland fisheries as a main source of protein. [36] To achieve "zero hunger", need to regulate the fishing policy and control overfishing. 14. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.7.1 is the "sustainable fisheries as a proportion of GDP". The ocean contains nearly 200,000 identified species, but actual numbers may lie in the millions. Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Goal 14 or SDG 14) is about "Life below water" and is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015. 0.0/5. Kairo, J. Arístegui, V.A. [26], The full title of Target 14.7 is: "By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small island developing states and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism".[1]. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. #Envision2030 Goal 14: Life Below Water Imagine the world in 2030, fully inclusive of persons with disabilities Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use … Goal 14 Targets. [2] Oceans are the source of life of the planet and the global climate system regulator. Life Below Water Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. [29], The full title of Target 14.a is: "Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries".[1]. [42] Ultimately, governments and international agencies act as gatekeepers, interfering with needed stakeholder participation in decision making. Effective strategies to mitigate adverse effects of increased ocean acidification are needed to advance the sustainable use of oceans. https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/space4sdgs/sdg14.html Protecting the biodiversity of the Banco San Miguel and Bahía de Asunción Ecological Reserve. [30] Its mission is to also to recognize the small-scale fisheries sector dependents should be empowered to participate in decision-making with dignity and respect through integrated management of the social, economic and ecological systems. 14 The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems … Life Below Water Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. They are the most diverse and important ecosystem, contributing to global and regional elemental cycling, and regulating the climate. Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Goal 14 or SDG 14) is about "Life below water" and is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015. is the "number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea". Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life below water Oceans cover more than 70% of the planet and are a source of food and income for more than 10% of the world’s population. Marine pollution, an overwhelming majority of which comes from land-based sources, is reaching alarming levels, with an average of 13,000 pieces of plastic litter to be found on every square kilometre of ocean. A., Kenny, T.-A., McOwen, C. J., Asch, R., Geffert, J. L., Wabnitz, C. C. C., Sumaila, R., Hanich, Q., & Ota, Y. [44], Individuals can help the oceans by reducing their energy consumption and their use of plastics. Goal 14 Targets. The full title of Target 14.b is: "Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets".[1]. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform", The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2018, Global Marine Governance and Oceans Management for the Achievement of SDG 14, "Addressing Uncertainty in Marine Resource Management; Combining Community Engagement and Tracking Technology to Characterize Human Behavior", Issue Paper: A preliminary assessment of indicators for SDG 14 on “Oceans”, "Goal 14: Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform", "Goal 14: Life below Water - SDG Tracker", "Ocean acidification | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration", SDG 14: Life Below Water. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. Some countries might use LSMPAs as diplomatic leverage to pursue other advantages. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform", Understanding and measuring the contribution of aquaculture and fisheries to gross domestic product (GDP), "14.7.1 Value added of sustainable fisheries| Sustainable Development Goals| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations", "The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020", "FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture - Small-scale fisheries", "Planning for the Implementation of SDG-14", https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.11.030, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103699, "Climate Action is Needed to Protect World's Oceans | UNFCCC", Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities, Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.030, "Ocean Climate Action Making Waves | UNFCCC", "Land and Sustainable Development Goals | UNCCD", https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.07.012, "Kenya plastic bag ban comes into force after years of delays", "You will no longer carry plastic bags in Tanzania with effect", https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/14_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf, One Planet One Ocean course by SDG Academy, (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, (12) Responsible Consumption and Production, (16) Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_14&oldid=998102904, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with incomplete citations from February 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 January 2021, at 20:52. [48][full citation needed], The 14th of 17 Sustainable Development Goals to conserve life below water, Target 14.2: Protect and restore ecosystems, Target 14.5: Conserve coastal and marine areas, Target 14.6: End subsidies contributing to overfishing, Target 14.7: Increase the economic benefits from sustainable use of marine resources, Target 14.a: Increase scientific knowledge, research and technology for ocean health, Target 14.c: Implement and enforce international sea law, Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs). Goal 14 Targets. Goal 14: Life Below Water. BioScience, 68(5), 359–370. Goal 14 Targets. On Earth Day, harnessing the power of nature to heal herself. The deterioration of coastal waters has become a global occurrence, due to pollution and coastal eutrophication (overflow of nutrients in water), where similar contributing factors to climate change can affect oceans and negatively impact marine biodiversity. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.5.1 is the "coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas". Sustainable fisheries means leaving enough fish in the ocean while also respecting habitats and ensuring people who depend on fishing can maintain their livelihoods. Campbell, L. M., & Gray, N. J. [8] Microplastics are another form of marine pollution. Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Oceans alleviate the impact of climate change and absorb around 23% of the annual emissions of various forms of carbons, the most concerning being carbon dioxide. However, there are related concerns surrounding LSMPAs that need attention in order to help ensure that the targets for SDG 14 can be met. [2] Ocean cation puts coral reefs and other species in danger which impacts the marine food chain and ecosystem services including fisheries, transportation and even tourism. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. A tiny South Pacific island gets a new lease on life with solar energy. Goal 14. The broad goals are interrelated though each has its own targets to achieve. “Without concerted efforts, coastal eutrophication is expected to increase in 20 per cent of large marine ecosystems by 2050.”[10], Characterized by extinctions, invasions, hybridizations and reductions in the abundance of species, marine biodiversity is currently in global decline. [19] When carbon dioxide dissolves into seawater, it forms the carbonic acid (H2CO3). The UN has defined 10 targets and 10 indicators for SDG 14 that include preventing and reducing marine pollution and ocean acidification, protecting marine and coastal ecosystems, and regulating fishing. Most SDG 14 targets are not measurable in quantitative terms because the data is not available yet; only target 14.5 is quantifiable. Capacity-enhancing subsidies have been provided to developing countries in order to make them more competitive with large fishing nations. Rivalries between neighboring countries relates to border disputes surrounding assignment of the LSMPAs. [20], The full title of Target 14.4 is: "By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics".[1]. [1] The Goal has ten targets to be achieved by 2030. Oceans also absorb about 30 percent of the carbon dioxide produced by humans, and we are seeing a 26 percent rise in ocean acidification since the beginning of the industrial revolution. [31] Concerns regarding ocean health in destructive fishing practices and marine pollution were discussed, in looking at the role of local communities of small island developing States (SIDS) and least developed countries (LDCs) to not forget that oceans are a large part of their economies.[31]. overfishing) and to protect ocean ecosystems by reducing human disturbance in designated areas. [1]. (2019). Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Keeping beaches and ocean water clean in less developed countries can attract tourism, as stated in Goal 8, and reduce poverty by providing more employment. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Goal 14 Targets. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.c.1. Cheung, J.G. Goal 14: Life Below Water. Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods. The SDGs aim to sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems from pollution, as well as address the impacts of ocean acidification. Also, strict agreements between countries are required since marine ecosystems cross national boundaries. 14. [18] This indicator aims to measures the proportion of global fish stocks which are overexploited, fully exploited and not fully exploited. Rare sea turtles flourish as a community bands together. Assigning Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs) (at least 100,000 square km in area) aims to reduce the consequences of resource exploitation (e.g. [19] This ocean acidification impacts many species especially organisms like oysters and corals. 14. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., & Sumaila, U. R. (2019). Staples, D., & Hermes, R. (2012). Marine Policy, 109, 103699. [15], The full title of Target 14.1 is: "By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution. Learn more about SDG 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development: The oceans cover more than 70 per cent of the surface of our planet and play a key role in supporting life on earth. In Norway, for instance, citizens, working through a web page called finn.no, can earn money for picking up plastic on the beach. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Busting myths that hinder an agreement to end harmful fisheries subsidies. Small-scale fisheries contribute to the nutrition, food security, sustainable livelihoods and poverty alleviation – especially in developing countries, according to the FAO. [27] According to the FAO, "around 57 million people worked in the primary sector of capture fisheries, the vast majority in small-scale fisheries. [13] “The sustainable management of our oceans relies on the ability to influence and guide human use of the marine environment.”[14]. [7][9] Some targets have a target year of 2020, some have a target year of 2025 and some have no end year. Goal 14: Life Below Water. The World Trade Organization is dedicated to implementing Target 6 of SDG 14 ("End subsidies contributing to overfishing") and discontinue fishery subsidies. (2018). UNDP is responding to the most pressing issue we face as a species with what we hope will be the largest-ever global survey on climate change. The targets also call for an increase in scientific knowledge of the oceans. The first ten targets are "outcome targets": Reduce marine pollution; protect and restore ecosystems; reduce ocean acidification; sustainable fishing; conserve coastal and marine areas; end subsidies contributing to overfishing; increase the economic benefits from sustainable use of marine resources. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean also increases. 14. The Potential Impact of Labor Choices on the Efficacy of Marine Conservation Strategies. The ocean absorbs about 30 percent of carbon dioxide produced by humans, buffering the impacts of global warming. Progress towards each target is being measured with one indicator each. The term "Marine Protected Areas" include marine reserves, fully protected marine areas, no-take zones, marine sanctuaries, ocean sanctuaries, marine parks, locally managed marine areas and other. Tonle Sap in Cambodia is a key habitat for freshwater fish and many endangered species. More than 3 billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods. [18], The full title of Target 14.3 is: "Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels". The full title of Target 14.5 is: "By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information".[1]. However, there has been a 26 percent increase in acidification since the industrial revolution. 14. Addressing Criticisms of Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas. The basis for this is that over 93 percent of the global fisheries stocks are already fully exploited. Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. This leads to a series of chemical reactions in the seawater and has a negative spillover on the ocean and the living species living below water. Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life Below Water. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. [8] 20 percent of all coral reefs have been destroyed irreversibly, and another 24 percent are in immediate risk of collapse. [40], There are some tradeoff or controversy between the SDG14 and social justice. The final Floating Plastics Debris Density indicators will be ready by 2020. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Progress towards each target is being measured with one indicator each. [43] The way to best safeguard life in oceans is to implement effective management strategies around marine environments. [24] Conserving coastal and marine areas has many benefits including maintaining the biodiversity and endangered species, providing areas where fish are able to reproduce, swan and grow to their adult size, maintaining local cultures, economies and livelihoods that are linked to the marine environment. Cai, J.N., Huang, H. & Leung, P.S. Protecting livelihoods and nature on Inle Lake. Life Below Water Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. A full 30 percent of marine habitats have been destroyed, and 30 percent of the world's fish stocks are over-exploited. The last three targets are "means of achieving" targets: To increase scientific knowledge, research and technology for ocean health; support small scale fishers; implement and enforce international sea law.[1]. [45] Several countries, including Kenya and Tanzania, have banned the use of plastic bags for retail purchases. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. [9] Approximately 1 million sea birds, 100 000 marine mammals, and an unknown number of fish are harmed or die annually due to marine pollution caused by humans. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development 18. Rainwater, drinking water and climate are all regulated by ocean temperatures and currents. According to the 2020 report on progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals, the current efforts to protect oceans, marine environments and small-scale fishers are not meeting the need to protect the resources. "[17] The methodology for ICEP will be developed and ready by 2020. The setting of protective areas can have negative effects on local fisheries and people's incomes. Area expansion versus effective and equitable management in international marine protected areas goals and targets. An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a sovereign state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. The ten targets include reducing marine pollution (14.1), protecting and restoring ecosystems (14.2), reducing ocean acidification (14.3), sustainable fishing (14.4), conserving coastal and marine areas (14.5), ending subsidies contributing to overfishing (14.6), increase the economic benefits from sustainable use of marine resources (14.7), increase scientific knowledge (14.a), supporting small scale fishers (14.b) and implementing and enforcing international sea law (14.c). Capacity-enhancing subsidies can only solve immediate poverty conditions for the moment. Sustainable Development Goals; Goal 14: Life Below Water : Goal 14: Life below water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources.
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